SMTP Failure Responses

Modified on Thu, 2 Jul at 2:19 PM

  • If email tracking is turned on in FLG, you may occasionally see an email marked as Failed.
  • A Failed email means one of the following happened:
    • We couldn't connect to the recipient's mail server
    • The mail server rejected our message (sometimes after multiple retries)
    • The email was Dropped
  • A Dropped email happens when a previous attempt to the same address failed with a permanent error.
  • To see more detail, open the email and check the Status field - it will show either a status code or Dropped.

Types of SMTP Status Codes

  • Basic codes - a 3-digit code (e.g. 550)
  • Enhanced codes - 3 digits separated by decimal points (e.g. 5.1.7)
  • You may see either or both formats, depending on the information the receiving server returns.

Basic SMTP Server Status Codes

  • Defined in RFC 5321.
CodeMeaning
421Service unavailable - try again later
450Action not taken - recipient's mailbox unavailable
451Message not sent due to a server error
452Command aborted - insufficient server storage
455Server cannot process the command at this time
500Command not recognised - syntax error
501Syntax error in command parameters or arguments
502Command not implemented
503Bad sequence of commands
504Command parameter not implemented
550Recipient's mailbox address is invalid
551Recipient is not local to the server
552Action aborted - storage allocation exceeded
553Command aborted - mailbox name invalid
554Transaction failed for an unstated reason
555MAIL FROM / RCPT TO parameters not recognised or not implemented

Enhanced SMTP Server Status Codes

  • Defined in RFC 3463, using the format <class>.<subject>.<detail>.
  • Class:
    • 2 - Success
    • 4 - Temporary delivery error
    • 5 - Permanent delivery error
  • Subject:
    • 1 - Addressing
    • 2 - Mailbox (recipient)
    • 3 - Mail system (destination)
    • 4 - Network and routing
    • 5 - Mail delivery protocol
    • 7 - Security or policy
  • Detail - a 1 to 3 digit number that further classifies the error.

Common Enhanced Status Codes

  • The table below covers the most frequent delivery failure codes. X represents the class digit (2, 4, or 5).
CodeDescription
X.0.0Other undefined status
X.1.0Other address status
X.1.1Bad destination mailbox address - it doesn't exist
X.1.2Bad destination system address
X.1.3Bad destination mailbox address syntax
X.1.4Destination mailbox address is ambiguous
X.1.6Mailbox has moved - no forwarding address
X.1.7Bad sender's mailbox address syntax
X.1.8Bad sender's system address
X.1.9Message relayed to a non-compliant mailer
X.1.10Recipient address has a null MX
X.2.0Other or undefined mailbox status
X.2.1Mailbox disabled - not accepting messages
X.2.2Mailbox full
X.2.3Message length exceeds administrative limit
X.2.4Mailing list expansion problem
X.3.0Other or undefined mail system status
X.3.1Mail system full
X.3.2System not accepting network messages
X.3.3System not capable of the selected features
X.3.4Message too big for the system
X.3.5System incorrectly configured
X.4.0Other or undefined network or routing status
X.4.1No answer from host
X.4.2Bad connection
X.4.3Directory server failure
X.4.4Unable to route the message
X.4.5Mail system congestion
X.4.6Routing loop detected
X.4.7Delivery time expired
X.5.0Other or undefined protocol status
X.5.1Invalid command
X.5.2Syntax error
X.5.3Too many recipients specified
X.5.4Invalid command arguments
X.5.5Wrong protocol version
X.5.6Authentication exchange line too long
X.6.0Other or undefined media error
X.6.1Media not supported
X.6.2Conversion required and prohibited
X.6.3Conversion required but not supported
X.6.5Conversion failed
X.6.6Message content not available
X.6.7Non-ASCII addresses not permitted
X.6.8UTF-8 string reply required but not permitted
X.6.9UTF-8 header message cannot be transferred
X.7.0Other or undefined security status
X.7.1Delivery not authorised - message refused
X.7.2Mailing list expansion prohibited
X.7.3Security conversion required but not possible
X.7.4Security features not supported
X.7.5Cryptographic failure
X.7.6Cryptographic algorithm not supported
X.7.7Message integrity failure
X.7.8Authentication credentials invalid
X.7.9Authentication mechanism too weak
X.7.10Encryption needed
X.7.12Password transition needed
X.7.13User account disabled
X.7.14Trust relationship required
X.7.15Priority level too low
X.7.16Message too big for the specified priority
X.7.17Mailbox owner has changed
X.7.18Domain owner has changed
X.7.19RRVS test cannot be completed
X.7.20No passing DKIM signature found
X.7.21No acceptable DKIM signature found
X.7.22No valid author-matched DKIM signature found
X.7.23SPF validation failed
X.7.24SPF validation error
X.7.25Reverse DNS validation failed
X.7.26Multiple authentication checks failed
X.7.27Sender address has a null MX


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